Allergy, Immunology & Rare Diseases
Allergy, immunological, and rare diseases include a wide range of conditions involving the body's immune system and its response to substances, infections, or its own tissues.
Allergic conditions occur when the immune system reacts excessively to normally harmless substances such as food, pollen, dust mites, animal allergens, or other environmental triggers. Immunological disorders can involve an abnormal immune response, including immune deficiency, excessive immune activation, abnormal antibody production, or other disturbances of the immune system. Rare diseases are conditions that individually affect relatively few people but may involve multiple organ systems and can sometimes have a genetic or immunological basis.
Laboratory investigations can help identify allergen sensitization, immunoglobulin abnormalities, complement abnormalities, immune dysfunction, and selected disease-specific markers. At National Path Lab (NPL), specialized laboratory investigations are available to support the evaluation of selected allergic, immunological, and rare diseases.
Conditions (16)
About Allergy, Immunology & Rare Diseases
Testing Areas Covered on This Page
• Food Allergy
• Environmental & Inhalant Allergy
• Food & Inhalation Allergy Panel
• Total IgE & Allergy Evaluation
• Drug Allergy
• Allergic Rhinitis & Respiratory Allergy
• Asthma & Allergy
• Immunoglobulin Disorders
• IgG Subclass Disorders
• IgG4-Related Disease
• Complement Disorders
• Primary Immunodeficiency / Inborn Errors of Immunity
• Recurrent or Unusual Infections
• Autoimmune & Immune-Mediated Disorders
• Rare Diseases
• Genetic Testing for Rare Diseases
• Newborn & Pediatric Immune / Rare Disease Evaluation
Why Is Allergy & Immunology Testing Sometimes Done as a Combination?
Immune-related conditions can have overlapping symptoms. For example, recurrent infections may be caused by frequent exposure, structural problems, chronic disease, medication effects, immune deficiency, or other causes. Similarly, allergic symptoms may be triggered by several different allergens.
Doctors may therefore combine clinical history, specific antibody testing, immunoglobulin assessment, complement testing, and other investigations. The choice of tests should be guided by the clinical question — broad testing without an appropriate indication can produce results that are difficult to interpret.
A Note on This Content • This department spans conditions ranging from common (food and environmental allergy) to complex and specialized (primary immunodeficiency, rare disease, pediatric genetic evaluation). • For the more complex topics in particular — primary immunodeficiency, rare diseases, and genetic testing — this content describes the general evaluation pathway rather than specific diagnostic thresholds, since these determinations require specialist clinical judgment. • This content should never be used to self-diagnose an immune or rare disease, or to delay specialist evaluation where recurrent, severe, or unusual symptoms are present. |
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